Наиболее простой случай имеет место, если необходимо установить только AROS
на один жёсткий диск, новый или с некими ненужными данными. Также вы можете
использовать под AROS дополнительный жёсткий диск.
В настоящее время, установка должна производиться при помощи инструмента
InstallAROS, расположенного в директории Tools на LiveCD. Запустите её
двойным щелчком по её иконке. Когда она запустится и покажет вам пригласительное
окно, нажмите кнопку Proceed для перехода к окну с вариантами установки.
Здесь вы можете увидеть тип текущего устройства для установки (ata.device) и его
номер (0). Если вы хотите произвести установку на дополнительный диск, номер
следует изменить. Узнать необходимый номер можно с помощью утилиты /Tools/HDToolbox.
Если вы хотите сохранить разделы на диске как есть и лишь использовать имеющееся
на нём свободное от разделов место, выберите вариант Only use free space,
или, если диск следует очистить, то выберите Wipe disk. Вы также можете
задать размер создаваемого раздела, и включить создание дополнительного раздела
WORK для установки программ. После нажатия кнопки "Proceed", инсталятор AROS
создаст разделы и выдаст запрос на перезагрузку. После загрузки следует снова
запустить InstallAROS.
пока не переведено, может измениться
Now you must see the option "Use existing AROS partitions" is selected. Proceed
with this. You will see some extra options (defaults shown) in a window:
[ ] Choose language Options
[x] Install AROS Core System
[x] Install Extra Software
[ ] Install Development Software
[x] Install Bootloader
The first, "Choose language Options" allow you to select locale of your new
installed system (by launching /Extras/Locale program). "Install AROS Core System"
allows installing of all AROS base programs, needed for OS to work.
"Install Extra Software" allows installing an additional programs (located on
in /Extras drawer and, if selected, on WORK partition). "Install Development Software"
allows installing of some development software like some programming languages.
"Install Bootloader: enables installing of GRUB bootloader to MBR of HD (there
can be some situations when you don`t need to install it). Make your choice and
click "Proceed" button.
On the next installer screen you can choose which partitions you want to format,
and to copy files on, whether WORK partition is used to copy files on it:
Destination Partition [x] Format Partition
DH0
[ ] Use 'WORK' Partition
[ ] Copy Extras and Development Files to Work
Work Partition [ ] Format Partition
DH1
After you made your choice and proceed installer will show the GRUB installation
device and path to GRUB files for you to check it. Proceeding, you will see
the las screen before installation, that warns you about pre-alpha status of
AROS install process. The last clicking "Proceed" and you will see installer
doing it`s work. You can be asked to select your keyboard type and locale
settings, then the files are being copied. Please wait a while.
After the install finishes you can remove AROS Live CD out of CD drive an
reboot into your new installed system.
(Сведения устарели)
Поскольку InstallAROS теперь вполне функционален, эта информация является устаревшей,
однако может представлять некоторый интерес, поэтому она сохранена для
изучения.
- (Прежние замечания)::
We currently do not recommend installation of AROS/i386-pc onto a harddrive
[#]. But you definitely would need to install AROS to test some of
it`s features and workarounds must be advised. Please note that you should
not use install on your working machine, which HD contains precious data!
We`re taking no responsibility for any data loss occured during the installation.
Any bug reports on installation is welcome.
[#]It is actually possible to install AROS/i386-pc onto a harddrive, but
the procedure is far from being automated and user-friendly and the
necessary tools are still being heavily developed and might be quite
buggy. Therefore we officially do not recommend harddisk installation for
unexperienced users at the moment so this note was written.
Разбиение на разделы
Установка на единственный раздел
Здесь мы изучим установку AROS как единственной системы на PC в единственный
раздел. Это самый простой способ.
Нас подстерегает множество неожиданностей, так как процедура еще не полностью
проработана. Во-первых общее правило для этого процесса - перегрузка после любых
значительных изменений при создании файловой системы (мы будем отмечать, где
это необходимо). Перегрузка закрывает окно программы HDToolbox,если оно открыто
и происходит так называемый hard reset компьютера или виртуальной машины. Вы
также можете осуществить soft reset набирая <reboot> в окне CLI и нажимая ENTER .
Для начала найдите утилиту на AROS CD под названием HDToolBox, которая находится
в ящике Tools. На первое время она станет основным "мучителем" Вашего винчестера.
Запустив её, вы увидите в окне диалог выбора типа устройства для разметки. В
этом примере (здесь и далее), мы используем реальный или виртуальный IDE диск
(их также называют ATA). Итак, щелчок по ata.device вход покажет Devices:1
в окне слева, это число доступных дисков. Щёлкнув по этому пункту, мы увидим
их список. Если это виртуальный HD, мы можем увидеть, например,QEMU Harddisk
или что-то похожее для VMWare. Если это настоящий HD, Вы увидите его имя,
если нет - ещё раз попробуйте произвести подготовку винчестера. Щёлкнув на
названии диска мы увидим:
Size: <Размер HD>
Partition Table: <тип текущей таблицы разделов; может быть неизвестен после очистки>
Partitions: <число разделов на винте; равно 0, поскольку они ещё не созданы>
Теперь нужно создать новую таблицу разделов, для PC это таблица типа PC-MBR.
Для этого нажмите кнопку CreateTable и выберите PC-MBR из списка. Щелкните OK.
Настало время внести изменения. Сделайте это, выделив имя Вашего винчестера и
нажав Save Changes. Выберите Yes в открывшемся диалоговом окне. Закройте
окно HDToolbox и перезагрузите систему с Live CD.
После загрузки вновь запустите HDToolbox. Теперь при выборе ata.device вы должны
увидеть информацию "Partition table: PC-MBR, Partitions:0". Время создать разделы,
щелкните по имени HD, чтобы вывести список разделов, пока пустой. Нажмите кнопку
Create Entry, выберите все доступное пространство, щелкнув в свободном месте
и подтвердите OK. Теперь в списке Вы увидите "Partition 0" , выделив её,
увидим в боковом окне:
Size: <размер раздела, практически равен емкости HD>
Partition table: Unknown <Пока не создана>
Partition type: AROS RDB Partition table <OK>
Active: No <Не активен>
Bootable: No <Не загружаем>
Automount: No <Не монтируется при старте>
Возможно несколько вариантов - make a partition in RDB table or as usual PC-MBR
partition. RDB (Rigid Disk Block) is the choice of compatibility and was used
in Amiga HDD`s partitioning, and we can use it too. Although, AROS supports
FFS partitions created within a common PC-MBR table, like an usual PC partitions
like FAT/NTFS/etc. Second way can be considered somewhat more modern and more
compatible to some new AROS programs. Let`s consider both.
FFS in RDB
Нажмите кнопку Create Table , выберите RDB table и щелкните OK. Для
сохранения изменений перейдите уровнем выше, нажав кнопку Parent, выберите
снова имя HD и щелкните кнопку Save Changes. Ответьте Yes в открывающихся
диалогах дважды. Закройте HDToolbox и перегрузитесь снова.
FFS in MBR
Также возможно создание разделов FFS в обычной таблице разделов PC-MBR, что
для Амиги было бы нетипичной ситуацией.
After booting up, run HDToolbox (you`ve guessed that). Now the info for our
Partition 0 is the same except that the partition table is now RDB (or not). This
partition must be set to Active. To do this, click on the Switches
button, select the Active checkbox and click OK. Now what? Yes, save the
changes by going a level up and clicking the button. Exit and reboot.
Why are we rebooting so much? Well, HDToolbox and system libraries are
still unfinished and quite buggy, so rebooting after every step helps to
reset them to initial state.
After boot up, HDToolbox must show us that Partition 0 has become
active. That's good, now we must create our disk to install AROS on. Go
one level down by clicking on the "Partition 0" entry. Now what? Yes,
click the Add Entry button and choose all the empty space. Now you see a
"DH0" entry there, which is our disk. Clicking on it shows information:
Size: <well...>
Partition Table: Unknown (it's OK)
Partition Type: Fast Filesystem Intl <OK>
Active: No <OK>
Bootable: No <we must switch it to Yes>
Automount: No <we must switch it to Yes>
Now, go 2 levels up to the HD name, click Save Changes, confirm, exit
and reboot. After booting up (pretty boring, isn't it?), what should we
do? Yes, we must set switches to the DH0 drive in HDToolbox. We go to
the DH0 entry and set switches with the relevant button and checkboxes:
Bootable: Yes and Automount: Yes. Save changes after going 2 levels
up again, confirm and reboot.
How long is it left to go? Well, we're more than half way to success.
After booting up and checking all the settings for DH0, we must see it's
OK now. So now we can exit HDToolbox with no hesitation left. Now it's
time for some CLI magic.
Форматирование
We must format our created DH0 drive to make it usable. Currently AROS have
a choice of two filesystems - Fast FileSystem(FFS) and Smart FileSystem(SFS).
FFS is known to be somewhat more stable and compatible to most programs,
SFS is more fail-proof and advanced, but yet have some issues with some programs.
Currently we must set it to FFS, because GRUB bootloader is not supporting SFS
(GRUB2 will). Also please note that you can get problems using some ported
software with SFS (such as gcc). So now open the CLI window (right click on
upper menu and select Shell from the first Wanderer menu). At the prompt, enter
the Info command (type info and press Enter). You should see our DH0 in
the list as DH0: Not a valid DOS disk. Now we will format it with the
command:
>format DRIVE=DH0: NAME=AROS FFS INTL
About to format drive DH0:. This will destroy all data on the drive. Are
you sure ? (y/N)
Enter y, press Enter and wait a second. You should see the string
Formatting...done displayed. If you got an error, check for all
partition parameters in HDToolbox, as you may be missing something, and
repeat.
If you`re experiencing problems with format (such as ERROR messages, especially
when using partitions in RDB), which is unlikely, then you can try a good old
Amiga FORMAT64 utility:
>extras/aminet/format64 DRIVE DH0: Name AROS FFS INTL
Now the Info command should show:
>DH0: <size> <used> <free> <full 0%> <errors> <r/w state> <FFS> <AROS>
That's it. Time for the pre-installation reboot.
Примечание
If this all seems to be so boring that you can't stand it, there's
some relief if you intend to use AROS only in virtual machine.
First, you can get a pre-installed pack, such as WinAROS/WinAROS
Lite - this system is already installed, but can be outdated. Second,
you can look at AROS Archives for Installation Kit that contains
ready-made virtual HD's that are already made and ready for install,
so you can skip the previous procedure and install a fresh
version of AROS.
Копирование системы
After reboot, you may notice that you can see our AROS HD on the desktop
now, and it's empty. Now we need to fill it with files.
Now after the Drag`n`Drop support developed in AROS the whole system can be
easily copyed from LiveCD by just dragging files to DH0: drawer. It`s only
left to replace the file dh0:boot/grub/menu.lst with dh0:boot/grub/menu_dh.lst.DH0
then.
There's an installer in AROS, as incomplete as HDToolbox is, but it can
be used. At least, we can try. So, here's the first way to install.
1. Run InstallAROS in the Tools drawer. You will see the welcome screen
telling you the same I did - we're using the alpha version. Let's
get juice out of it ;) There's a Proceed button for you to click. Next,
you will see the AROS Public License, and you should accept it to go
further. Now you will see the install options window (if it`s said No,
just uncheck the relevant box)
Show Partitioning Options... []
<No. As we've done that already>
Format Partitions []
<No. We have done that already>
Choose Language Options []
<No. It's better to do that later>
Install AROS Core System [V]
<Yes, we need it. We're here to do that>
Install Extra Software [V]
<Yes. Uncheck only if you want a lite installation>
Install Development Software []
<No. This is mostly a placeholder at a moment>
Show Bootloader Options [V]
<Yes, bootloader will not be installed otherwise>
Let me note that Show Partitioning Options can be unselectable and greyed out
in case if installer is unable to find any suitable partition.
After you've selected or unselected everything we need, click Proceed.
The next window shows us possible installation destinations:
Destination Drive
[default:DH0]
DH0 <that's correct>
Use 'Work' Partition []
<uncheck it, we're installing all-on-one>
Copy Extras and Developer Files to Work? []
<same as above>
Work drive ... <skipped>
Now after we uncheck it, click Proceed. The window showing bootloader
options appears. Here we only can check, if GRUB, the GRand Unified Bootloader,
is to be installed to DH0 and on which device. Click Proceed again.
Now the window says we're ready to install. Click Proceed once again. Do
you like this pretty button? ;)
After that, the copying progress bar will appear as files are copied. Wait a
while until the process finishes. After that, you will get the finishing
screen and Reboot checkbox. Leave this checked and click Proceed. No,
that isn't all yet - wait till the last step remaining. Now our machine
will reboot with the same settings as before, from Live CD.
Установка загрузчика
Now we still see our AROS disk, and all files are there. Haven`t we
already installed the bootloader in previous steps, what are we
missing?
Well, if you use fresh nightly build then 'GRUB <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRUB>'__
must be already installed
and working, you can skip this step. If not, please read.
For older versions (before nov. 2006)
there were a bug in GRUB, preventing it from installing correctly from the
first try. So if you can`t boot now and get messages like GRUB GRUB FRUB etc
please read the following.
The reinstallation on the second try usually helps to solve it. So, now we
need InstallAROS once again. Repeat all the previous steps from point 1,
but uncheck every checkbox. After the last click on Proceed, GRUB will
be reinstalled, and a window will appear asking you to confirm that
write. Answer yes as many times as needed. Now, on the last page,
uncheck the Reboot checkbox, close the Install program and power off the
machine.
Alternatively, GRUB can be installed from shell with this command:
c:install-i386-pc device ata.device unit 0 PN <pn> grub dh0:boot/grub kernel dh0:boot/aros-i386.gz
where PN <pn> (or PARTITIONNUMBER <pn>) is the number of partition where GRUB
bootloader will be installed.
Подготовления к запуску
We have just done our first installation alchemy course, and AROS should
be ready now. We must remove the Live CD from the CD drive (or disable
booting from CD in VM) and check it out. Hear the drum roll? ;)
If something goes wrong, there can be some answers...
Разрешение проблем
Installation process is the one of most frequently ones asked about on forums,
mostly by newbees. You can check the FAQ if there an answer to your questions.
Any additions ? ...